Piston-engine.



nNrrnn sat-aras namur onmen- Anors manana, or BERLIN, ssamm.

PISTON-ENG-INE.

' such-as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same reference being had to the accompanyin awings, and to letters or figures of erence marked thereon, which form a part of thiss'pecication.

The present inventionhas reference to improvements in piston engines, and relates more slpecically to improvements inl means for re ucing and controlling the amount of lubricant used inlubricating the pistons of suchengines', and the invention essentially consists inthe construction, arrangement andcoperation of parts as hereinafter fully described and'claimed. A

As is well k'n0W,-most of the piston enes, such as steam engines,- internal comustion engines, compressors, and the like, are subject to a large consumption of iston lubricant, for the. reason that the atter creeps past the piston along the cylinderl surface into the working chamber, where it is apt to cause trouble before it is expelled with the motive medium.

Various attempts have been made to reduce and control the amount of lubricant entering the working chamber. In one such construction the tail portion of the piston has. been separated partly or wholly from the packing ring supporting head portion,-

so that at this zone of interruption or gap the sliding surface of the cylinder is exposed toward the vinterior of the piston below the packing rings. In another construction, this gap has been arranged immediately in the rear of the outermost packing ring to have the latter push back the lubricant. The various constructions, however, operate all more or lessunsatisfactorily, for the reason that they donot succeed in removing the lubricant, from the cylinder surface, owing to its high adhesion resistance and the high,A varying operative speed.

Moreover, the rior arran ements 4have the disadvantage t at the minunum amount Speoinoation of Letters Patent.

, Application led January 31, 1917. Serial No. 145,755.

` from workin' its way Patented Mar.. 12, 1918.

pressure of the gases passing by the packing 'rings is seriously interfered with.

According to the present invention 'A the lubricant, after having been used in lubrieating the sliding surfaces, is deflected almost 1n its entirety and uninliuencedbythe gas pressure obtainin betweenv the respective sliding surfaces, om the cylinder sliding surface to the interior of the piston or to a splash-oil collector, and, further, the minim'um amount of lubricant is continuously supplied to the packing rings.

My invention will best be understood, when described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents' a longitudinal section through part of a cylinder with piston, embodyin my improvements;

Fig. 2 s ows a detail part thereof, on an enlarged scale;

lFig. 3 illustrates a fragmental section througha modified construction; and

Fig. 4 shows a bimilarsectional elevation of still another modiication.

Referring to` Figs. 1 and 2 the piston -bslidingon the cylinder surface a1- is provided 1n well known manner with an annular passage or gap dfbelow the packing rings 7awhich passage communicates with the interior -fof the piston through the apertures or spacing joints According to my improvements, I provide on the piston, in addition to the usual'packing rings h-, aspring ring with an obliquely directed inner-l face and a slightly outwardlyv curved- A face -c', the oil, which has lubricated the working of the tail ortion -c'- of the piston and adheres to t e cylinder wall a-, is scraped-off in spite of its strong adhesive tendency and the hi h operative speed and is forced toward- 4an into the piston interior -f-, and is thereby prevented into the pressure chamber of t ecylinder. The oil pressure acting on the annular inclina -cof the rin -genhancesin favorable manner the kni e-like scraping act-ion of the ring on the upstrolte of the piston. y

Incase of imperfect operation of the packing rings L, excess pressure is apt to operate on the face rof the ring -g'-, which would tend to compress the vring andl render 'it'useless for its purposes.

' The packing rings -L-, obviously, will stick orseize unless a sufficient amountof vlubricant is supplied. According to this 1nvention, these dangers are eectivelyobviated by the provision of passages these ducts and on to the packing rings.

To facilitate the introduction of oil into these ducts, the piston interior may be prcvided with an inverted trough-shaped oil catching annulus or hollow flange -nas shown in Fig. 3.

In the further'modication, according to Fig. 4;, the pressure equalizing passages --z'-.

extendfrom the. piston interior slantingly upward into the groove receiving the pack-v ing rings next to the oil-scraping annulus.

, The invention described here for single acting plunger pistons,'may, obviously, also be used in connection with double acting'rpistons.

What I claim is:

1. In a piston engine, a cylinder,a hollow piston therein, packing rings on said piston,

means for conducting lubricant to thel sliding surfaces of said piston including a circumferentialgap adjacent .the packing rings and exposed toward the piston interior, an expansible oil-scraping annulus extending into said gap and vcomprisin an annular body, its upper portion lying ush with the outer circumference of the retaining piston wall, and its lower end extending slightly flaringly outward, presenting an annularly projecting knife-edge adapted to closely hug the cylinder wall, whereby said annulus forms a chamber with the cylinder wall vented by said means, substantially as .set forth. y

2. In a piston engine, a cylinder,a hollow piston, packing rings on said piston, and means adjacent said -rings for conducting lubricant to the sliding surfaces of said pistonv including a circumferential gap exposed toward the piston interior, an expansible oil-scraping annulus extending into said gap and comprlsing an annular body, itsupper portion-lyingv flush with the outer circumference of the retaining piston wall, and its lower end extending slightly aringly outward, presenting an annularly projecting knife-edge adapted to closely-hug the cylinder wall, whereby a chamber is formed between said annulus .and wall, and radially v extending'ducts in the piston wall above said means adjacent said rings for conducting lubricant to the sliding surfaces of said piston including radial ducts and a 'circumferential gap exposed toward the piston interior, an expansibleoil-scraping'annulus extending into said gap and comprising an annular body, its upper portion lying iush with the outer circumference of the retaining piston wall, and its lower end extending slightly flaringly outward, presenting an annularly projecting knife-edge adapted to closely hug vthe cylinder wall, said radial ducts directedto allow the gases passing by the packing rings to escape into the piston interior during vone stroke, and during the other strokes to cause lubricant to flow from the piston interior into the space between the piston and thecylinder wall, substantially as set forth.

.4.' Ina piston'engine, acylinder, a hollow piston, packing rings on said piston, and

. means immediately below said rings for conducting lubricant to the sliding surfaces of said piston including a circumferential gap 'exposed toward the piston interior, an expansible oil-scraping annulus extending into said gap and comprising an annular body, its upper portion vlying flush with the outer circumference of the retaining piston wall,

and its lower end extending 'slightly' flaringly outward, presentinglan annularly projecting knife-edge adapted-to' closely hug the cylinder Wall, radially extending ducts in` the piston wall close to said oil-scraping annulus between the latter and the piston- .,head end, said radial ducts directed to allow the gases passing. by the packing 'rings tov escape into the piston interior during one stroke, and during the other strokes to cause lubricant to ow from the piston interior ,into the space between the piston and the cylinder wall, and splash-oil collecting and directing means in connection with the piston internally thereof and close to said radia ly extending gas and oil ducts, substantially as set forth.

5. In an explosion engine, a cylinder, a trunk piston therein having la' head portion with piston rings thereon and a tail portion free from rings, an annular passage through said piston between the head portionand the tail portion below the undermost of said rings, a Iresilient scraper ring having an annular, projecting knife-edge in the upper portionof said passagewhose upper portion isfush with the piston surface and whose vlower f surface contacts with the cylinder Wall, said piston having gas vents therethrough between the scraper ring and ad jacent packing ring. 6. In an explosion engine, a piston having packing rings thereon and an annular.

passage therethrough adjacent the packing rings and having an internal curvedsplash directing surface inclined downwardly to said passage, and a resilient oil scraping ring in said passage having an inner beveled face forming a continuation of the splash 10 as my invention, I have signed my name.

DR. ALOIS RIEDLER.

In testimony that Iclaim the foregoing 15 

